The working principle of many products has always been a concern for users, and people often understand the usage of a product through knowledge such as instructions. For submersible pumps used in wells, they are a special product because their working location is not on the ground, but in water. Therefore, understanding the working principle of submersible pumps used in wells is more important.
The main working principle of submersible pumps for wells:
1. The impeller is driven to rotate by the pump shaft, doing work on the fluid between the blades, and the fluid is thrown around from the middle of the impeller by centrifugal force. When the fluid reaches the outer circumference of the impeller, its velocity is very high.
2. The pump casing collects the liquid thrown out from between the blades, which flows in the direction of gradually expanding along the volute shaped channel inside the casing, converting the kinetic energy of the fluid into static pressure energy and reducing energy loss. Therefore, the function of the pump casing is not only to collect liquid, but also an energy conversion device.
3. Submersible pump suction principle: Through the high-speed rotation of the impeller, the liquid in the middle of the impeller is forced to be thrown out at high speed, thereby forming a low pressure in the middle of the impeller, which continuously sucks up the liquid in the lower groove.
4. Guide wheels are installed around the impeller, resulting in high energy conversion efficiency of the liquid inside the pump. The guide wheel is a fixed ring, and the blades are located on the periphery of the impeller. The bending direction of this type of blade is opposite to that of the impeller blade, and its bending angle is exactly the same as the direction in which the liquid flows out of the impeller, guiding the liquid to change direction smoothly in the pump casing channel. Therefore, the energy loss is small, and the efficiency of converting dynamic pressure energy into static pressure energy is high.
The balance hole on the rear cover plate of the submersible pump reduces axial thrust. The liquid pressure outside the impeller is already very high, and some of it will seep into the rear cover of the impeller. The inlet on the front side of the impeller is at low pressure, generating axial thrust to push the impeller towards the pump inlet side.
6. The shaft seal device ensures the normal and good operation of the submersible pump used in the well. Submersible pumps for wells operate when the pump shaft rotates while the casing remains stationary. If the annular gap between them is not sealed or poorly sealed, external air will seep into the low-pressure area in the middle of the impeller, reducing the flow rate and efficiency of the pump. Usually, mechanical seals or packing seals can be used to achieve sealing between the shaft and the housing.
